12 research outputs found
Write-Optimal Radix Tree: A Deterministic Indexing Structure for Persistent Memory Storage Systems
Department of Computer Science and EngineeringRecent interest in persistent memory (PM) has stirred development of index structures that are efficient in PM. Recent such developments have all focused on variations of the B-tree. In this paper, we show that the radix tree, which is another less popular indexing structure, can be more appropriate as an efficient PM indexing structure. This is because the radix tree structure is determined by the prefix of the inserted keys and also does not require tree rebalancing operations and node granularity updates. However, the radix tree as-is cannot be used in PM. As another contribution, we present three radix tree variants, namely, WORT (Write Optimal Radix Tree), WOART (Write Optimal Adaptive Radix Tree), and ART+CoW. Of these, the first two are optimal for PM in the sense that theyonly use one 8-byte failure-atomic write per update to guarantee the consistency of the structure and do not require any duplicate copies for logging or CoW. Extensive performance studies show that our proposed radix tree variants perform considerable better thanrecently proposed B-tree variants for PM such NVTree, wB+Tree, and FPTree for synthetic workloads as well as in implementations within Memcached.ope
DINOMO: An Elastic, Scalable, High-Performance Key-Value Store for Disaggregated Persistent Memory (Extended Version)
We present Dinomo, a novel key-value store for disaggregated persistent
memory (DPM). Dinomo is the first key-value store for DPM that simultaneously
achieves high common-case performance, scalability, and lightweight online
reconfiguration. We observe that previously proposed key-value stores for DPM
had architectural limitations that prevent them from achieving all three goals
simultaneously. Dinomo uses a novel combination of techniques such as ownership
partitioning, disaggregated adaptive caching, selective replication, and
lock-free and log-free indexing to achieve these goals. Compared to a
state-of-the-art DPM key-value store, Dinomo achieves at least 3.8x better
throughput on various workloads at scale and higher scalability, while
providing fast reconfiguration.Comment: This is an extended version of the full paper to appear in PVLDB
15.13 (VLDB 2023
Ga-doped Pt-Ni Octahedral Nanoparticles as a Highly Active and Durable Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Bimetallic PtNi nanoparticles have been considered as a promising electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) owing to their high catalytic activity. However, under typical fuel cell operating conditions, Ni atoms easily dissolve into the electrolyte, resulting in degradation of the catalyst and the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA). Here, we report gallium-doped PtNi octahedral nanoparticles on a carbon support (Ga-PtNi/C). The Ga-PtNi/C shows high ORR activity, marking an 11.7-fold improvement in the mass activity (1.24 A mgPt-1) and a 17.3-fold improvement in the specific activity (2.53 mA cm-2) compare to the commercial Pt/C (0.106 A mgPt-1 and 0.146 mA cm-2). Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that addition of Ga to octahedral PtNi can cause an increase in the oxygen intermediate binding energy, leading to the enhanced catalytic activity toward ORR. In a voltage-cycling test, the Ga-PtNi/C exhibits superior stability to PtNi/C and the commercial Pt/C, maintaining the initial Ni concentration and octahedral shape of the nanoparticles. Single cell using the Ga-PtNi/C exhibits higher initial performance and durability than those using the PtNi/C and the commercial Pt/C. The majority of the Ga-PtNi nanoparticles well maintain the octahedral shape without agglomeration after the single cell durability test (30,000 cycles). This work demonstrates that the octahedral Ga-PtNi/C can be utilized as a highly active and durable ORR catalyst in practical fuel cell applications
Ga-doped Pt-Ni Octahedral Nanoparticles as a Highly Active and Durable Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Bimetallic PtNi nanoparticles have been considered as a promising electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) owing to their high catalytic activity. However, under typical fuel cell operating conditions, Ni atoms easily dissolve into the electrolyte, resulting in degradation of the catalyst and the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA). Here, we report gallium-doped PtNi octahedral nanoparticles on a carbon support (Ga-PtNi/C). The Ga-PtNi/C shows high ORR activity, marking an 11.7-fold improvement in the mass activity (1.24 A mgPt-1) and a 17.3-fold improvement in the specific activity (2.53 mA cm-2) compare to the commercial Pt/C (0.106 A mgPt-1 and 0.146 mA cm-2). Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that addition of Ga to octahedral PtNi can cause an increase in the oxygen intermediate binding energy, leading to the enhanced catalytic activity toward ORR. In a voltage-cycling test, the Ga-PtNi/C exhibits superior stability to PtNi/C and the commercial Pt/C, maintaining the initial Ni concentration and octahedral shape of the nanoparticles. Single cell using the Ga-PtNi/C exhibits higher initial performance and durability than those using the PtNi/C and the commercial Pt/C. The majority of the Ga-PtNi nanoparticles well maintain the octahedral shape without agglomeration after the single cell durability test (30,000 cycles). This work demonstrates that the octahedral Ga-PtNi/C can be utilized as a highly active and durable ORR catalyst in practical fuel cell applications
iDO: Compiler-Directed Failure Atomicity for Nonvolatile Memory
This paper presents iDO, a compiler-directed approach to failure atomicity with nonvolatile memory. Unlike most prior work, which instruments each store of persistent data for redo or undo logging, the iDO compiler identifies idempotent instruction sequences, whose re-execution is guaranteed to be side-effect-free, thereby eliminating the need to log every persistent store. Using an extension of prior work on JUSTDO logging, the compiler then arranges, during recovery from failure, to back up each thread to the beginning of the current idempotent region and re-execute to the end of the current failure-Atomic section. This extension transforms JUSTDO logging from a technique of value only on hypothetical future machines with nonvolatile caches into a technique that also significantly outperforms state-of-The art lock-based persistence mechanisms on current hardware during normal execution, while preserving very fast recovery times
Improved Battery Performance of Nanocrystalline Si Anodes Utilized by Radio Frequency (RF) Sputtered Multifunctional Amorphous Si Coating Layers
Despite
the high theoretical specific capacity of Si, commercial Li-ion batteries
(LIBs) based on Si are still not feasible because of unsatisfactory
cycling stability. Herein, amorphous Si (a-Si)-coated nanocrystalline
Si (nc-Si) formed by versatile radio frequency (RF) sputtering systems
is proposed as a promising anode material for LIBs. Compared to uncoated
nc-Si (retention of 0.6% and Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 79.7%),
the a-Si-coated nc-Si (nc-Si@a-Si) anodes show greatly improved cycling
retention (C<sub>50th</sub>/C<sub>first</sub>) of ā¼50% and
a first CE of 86.6%. From the ex situ investigation with electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cracked morphology during cycling,
the a-Si layer was found to be highly effective at protecting the
surface of the nc-Si from the formation of solid-state electrolyte
interphases (SEI) and to dissipate the mechanical stress upon de/lithiation
due to the high fracture toughness
Defect-Free Erbium Silicide Formation Using an Ultrathin Ni Interlayer
An
ultrathin Ni interlayer (ā¼1 nm) was introduced between
a TaN-capped Er film and a Si substrate to prevent the formation of
surface defects during thermal Er silicidation. A nickel silicide
interfacial layer formed at low temperatures and incurred uniform
nucleation and the growth of a subsequently formed erbium silicide
film, effectively inhibiting the generation of recessed-type surface
defects and improving the surface roughness. As a side effect, the
complete transformation of Er to erbium silicide was somewhat delayed,
and the electrical contact property at low annealing temperatures
was dominated by the nickel silicide phase with a high Schottky barrier
height. After high-temperature annealing, the early-formed interfacial
layer interacted with the growing erbium silicide, presumably forming
an erbium silicide-rich ErāSiāNi mixture. As a result,
the electrical contact property reverted to that of the low-resistive
erbium silicide/Si contact case, which warrants a promising source/drain
contact application for future high-performance metalāoxideāsemiconductor
field-effect transistors
Real-world outcomes with immuno-oncology therapies in advanced melanoma: Final results of the OPTIMIzE registry study
Aim: The OPTIMIzE registry study evaluated real-world outcomes in patients with advanced melanoma receiving immuno-oncology therapies.
Materials and methods: Data were collected for patients treated with anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) monotherapy (nivolumab or pembrolizumab; n = 147) or nivolumab plus ipilimumab (n = 81) from 2015-2017 and followed for ā„3 years.
Results: Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus anti-PD-1 monotherapy was associated with a nonsignificantly lower risk of death (adjusted HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.54-1.28; p = 0.41), higher disease control rate (72 vs 56%; p = 0.04), and stable quality of life, but more grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events (54 vs 26%; p \u3c 0.0001).
Conclusion: These results support the use of immuno-oncology therapy in advanced melanoma